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Feb. 12,1935; A. P. BouF DAM- Filed March 22, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Imvzmon 4%, FM M,

ATTORNEY water for industrial Patented Feb. 12, 1935 PATENT OFFICE DAMAlfonso Pefia Boeu 7 Application March 22, 1933, Serial In Spain March23, 193

f, Madrid, Spain 9 Claims." (01. e1 s0) This invention has for itsobject to provide new features of construction relating to arched dams,applicable to large and small valleys, as the most suitable andeconomical means of damming purposes.

Heretofore arched dams have been constructed having acontinuousfoundation of concrete and comprising a solid mass at the sides as wellas at the bottom.

The problem of making, with regard to such dams, calculations takinginto account certain important variations of'conditions, is insolubleowing to the'great complications that occur in making such calculationsrespectingany solid body which issubjected to reactions'due to forcesapplied at various parts of its outer surface, and for this reasonarched dams of the present day have been calculated on the basis of theassumption that'at each point of the middle area of the dam thereintersect two strips which are of unit width and of whichone-isin theform of an arch in horizontal section and the other is straight invertical section. These'two strips, the first being considered 'as anarch fixed at the sides of the valley, and the second as a straightportion fixed at the bottom, have equal deflections where they meetbecause they are calculated so as to give equality of deformation atthis point.

This methodof calculation, commonly employed for present day arched damsby Swiss and German engineers, and which, because it is considered to bethe most, satisfactory, is the one usually adopted for planning suchworks, suiiers from the defect that the two .strips previously mentionedas serving as a basis of calculation are treated as being independent oftheir surroundings, so that their reactions are not taken intoconsideration and the calculations do not take into account thevariations of the working loads and of their distribution.

' Nowit is an object of this invention to provide new featuresofconstruction to be used in building arched dams that will avoid theseerrors of calculation and that possess other advantages Whichwill behereinafter mentioned and from which a saving of more than percent. isanticipated. I

g In the drawings illustrating forms of dam construction embodying theinvention in its preferred form:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of a narrow valley closed by asingle unit of dam construction having features of the inventionembodied.

Figure 2 is a transverse section through the valleyillustrated by Figure1, the dam being shown in elevation.

v Figure 3 is a large scale, vertical, cross-sectional View of a portionof the dam construction, the section being cut through one of thehorizontal 5 joints near the upstream side of the structure.

Figure 4 is a plan View 'of a portion of a dam embodying the inventionin a form adapted to obstruct a relatively wide valley. I

Figure 5 is a small scale, vertical, cross-sectiona1 view of a valleyclosed by a dam construction of the form ofthe one shown by Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a large scale, horizontal, cross-sectional view of a portionof the dam construction shown in Figures 4 and 5, the section being cutthrough the adjacent springers of a'pair of arch sections and theabutting portions of an intervening buttress.

Figure '7 is a large scale elevational view of the upper portion of oneof the buttresses and a portion of the crest of the dam illustrated inFigures 4 and 5.

Figure 8 is a large scale, horizontal, cross-sectional view of a portionof an arch section of a dam construction embodying the invention, thesection being cut through a springer, its abutment, a portion of thevalley wallin which the abutment is embedded and the vertical jointbetween the springer and its abutment.

As shown by Figures 1, 2 and 3, a dam embodying the invention in a formadapted to ob- 'struct a valley that is not very wide may comprise aplurality of arch-like sections, 0, which extend from one side of thevalley to the other with their springers, d, in abutting relations withopposing portions of the valley walls, or with abutments, d (Figure 8),,embedded therein, the sections being superimposed one upon another withlayers, 1), Figure 3, of suitable'plastic material, such as aspha1t, intheir intervening horizontal joints, e, and in the joints, a, betweenthe springers and their abutments (Figure 8), to enable contactingportions of the sections to move one with respect 'to the other and toprovide slightly yielding seats between the springers and the abutments.

A very great advantage of this mode of construction is that eacharc-shaped strip or section can be readily calculated as an independentarch subjected to compressive forces only and the radius of each archsection, see Figure 1, can be chosenlso as to bridge the distancebetween the sides of the valley in the most suitable manner.

Another great advantage of this mode of conpressures, a buttress ofthebuttresses and the arc-shaped strips of the dam,-are of uniformunreinforced concrete.

The arc-shaped strips may be molded between metal frames having theforms of the intrados and the extrados. It is sufficient to place fourof these frames outside and four inside, to secure them in place toprevent them from moving apart, and to provide vertical boards supportedoutside and inside on these frames. In this way there is formed a mouldfor an arc-shaped strip of three meters in height which is supported ona low arc-shaped strip already made, so that there is no necessity forscaffolding or special moulds.

I claim: 7

1. A dam comprising, in combination, a plurality of units disposed'inend-to-end relation, each unit comprising a plurality of arch-likesections having intervening, horizontal, yielding joints along which theparts of each may be caused to move with respect to adjacent parts ofthe overlying and underlying structure, the opposed surfaces at eachhorizontal joint being relied upon as the means whereby the weight ofthe overlying part of the structure may be transmitted to the underlyingpart Without preventing such relative movement, the various sectionsbeing effective as substantially independent arches each capable oftransmitting to its springers, as a substantially independent unit, theforces resulting from the pressures exerted against its upstreamsurface'and of yielding substantially independently of the adjacentoverlying and underlying sections in response to such gravity type beingprovided for the adjacent ends of each pair of units, the buttresseshaving portions to serve as abutments for the adjacent pairs ofspringers of their various arch-like sections.

2. A dam of the arched type comprising, in combination, a plurality ofarch-like sections and their abutments, the sections having interveninghorizontal slip-joints along which the parts of each may be caused tomove with respect to adjacent parts of the overlying and underlyingstructure and vertical slip-joints between their springers and theirabutments, the opposed surfaces at each horizontal joint being reliedupon as the means whereby the Weight of the overlying part of thestructure may be transmitted to the underlying part without preventingsuch relative movement, the upstream and downstream surfaces of eachsection being substantially cy-- lindrical and substantially concentricand the joints between its springers being substantially radial, thevarious sections being substantially independent arches, each capable oftransmitting to its springers, as a substantially independent unit, theforces resulting from the pressures against its upstream surface and ofyielding substantially independently of the adjacent overlying andunderlying sections in response to such pressures.

3. A dam, as defined by claim 2, having layers of yieldable material inthe horizontal joints between its arch-like sections.

4. A dam, as defined by claim 2, having layers of yieldable material inthe vertical joints between the springers of its arch-like sections andtheir abutments.

5. A dam, as defined by claim 2, having layers of yieldable material inthe joints between its arch-like sections and between the springers ofthe sections and their abutments.

6. A dam of the arched type comprising, in combination, a plurality ofsubstantially independent, integral, horizontal, arch-like sections andtheir abutments, the respective sections being of relatively smallheight as compared with the height of the dam and being isostaticallysupported by having yielding, intervening, horizontal joints and byhaving yielding, vertical joints between their springers and theirabutments, with the vertical joints disposed in planes passing throughthe radii of curvature of the sections adjacent the respective joints,whereby the respective sections may be of spans and horizontal depthsmost appropriate to close the gaps to be dammed and to withstand thepressures to be resisted at different levels, and the parts of therespective sections subjected to compressive stresses only, in resistingpressures directed against their upstream faces, all of the joints beingprovided with adequate sealing means to render the structuresubstantially impermeable.

7. A dam, as defined by claim 6, having layers of yielding materialinterposed between the opposed surfaces at its horizontal joints.

8. A dam, as defined by claim 6, having layers of yielding materialinterposed between the opposed surfaces at its vertical joints.

9. A dam, as defined by claim 6, having layers of yielding materialinterposed between the opposed surfaces at its vertical and horizontaljoints. N

ALFONSO PENA BOEUF.

2 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEY R. 5. BROWN ROTARY CROSS CUT TOOL Filed Oct.31, 1930 Feb. 12, 1935.

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